Introduction:

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common cancer of the biliary tract and the sixth most common type of gastrointestinal cancer worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that genomic alterations acquired during oncogenesis help tumor cells to escape immune surveillance. ErbB signaling is the most extensively mutated pathway that mediates anti-tumor immunity. This study took advantage of the newly created scRNA-seq technology to test the hypothesis that individual cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in GBC function differentially to participate in ErbB pathway mutation-dependent tumor progression.