Introduction:

Aging precipitates intricate and multifaceted alterations in the immune system, collectively termed immunosenescence, which impair the body’s defensive mechanisms against pathogens and amplify susceptibility to neurodegenerative conditions such as stroke. Stroke, a leading cause of disability and mortality in the elderly, is profoundly modulated by the immune system’s status during the post-ischemic recovery phase. Recent investigations have illuminated the significant impact of age-related dysregulation of the peripheral immune system on post-stroke neuroinflammation and recuperative processes. This case study endeavors to elucidate the age-related modifications in peripheral immune cell dynamics and their implications on post-stroke neuropathology and recovery, employing advanced single-cell and spatial multi-omics techniques.